Sudan

Geography

Economics

Demographics

Military

Politics

Surface

Surface (in square kilometers)

Surface (in square miles)

Surface (water)

Water Surface (in square kilometers)

Water Surface (in square miles)

Share of water (%)

Temperature

Average temperature (in Celcius)

Average temperature (in Farenheit)

Average high temperature (in Celcius)

Average high temperature (in Farenheit)

Average low temperature (in Celcius)

Average low temperature (in Farenheit)

Rainfall

Average rainfall (mm)

Average rainfall (inch)

Distance to other capitals (kilometers)

Distance to other capitals (miles)

Proximity

Economic organizations

Gross Domestic Product (US$)

Gross Domestic Product per capita

Amount of memberships (economic organizations)

Absolute earnings for every 1$

Relative earnings

GDP in PPP per capita (in US$)

GDP in PPP per capita

Gross Domestic product (in million US$)

GDP per capita (in US$)

Surface GDP

GDP per square kilometer (in US$)

GDP per square mile(in US$)

Relative GDP in PPP

Population

Population density

Emigration

Immigration

Literacy

Health

Population density (in km2)

Population density (in mi2)

Religion

Christianity (share of the total population)

Islam (share of the total population)

Buddhism (share of the total population)

Hinduism (share of the total population)

Judaism (share of the total population)

Other religions (share of the total population)

Non-religious (share of the total population)

Military spending (in % of GDP)

Military spending

In total, Sudan spends US$722 million on its military, or 2.2 percent of its GDP. This makes Sudan the 83rd highest military spender in the world and represents 0.038 percent of total global military expenditure.

The military of Sudan, called the Sudanese Armed Forces, consist of a Navy, an air force and land forces. Its military has been growing heavily since its independence but after the Sudanese Civil War, plans have been made to decrease the size of its military. Its current Army is mainly being trained and supplied by Russia and China.

Military membership

Sudan is also a member of 4 international military organizations. This makes it the 134th most militarily connected state in the world. It is a member of the following organizations:

Organization for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons
Partial Nuclear Test Ban Treaty
International Atomic Energy Agency
Non-Aligned Movement

Military membership

International wars

Sudan has partaken in 7 international wars. These are:

World War I 1914-1918
Six-Day War 1967-1967
War in Darfur 2003-present
Houthi insurgency in Yemen 2004-2015
Heglig Crisis 2011-2011

Sudanese–Ethiopian clashes 2010-present

Number of international wars fought

Military spending (in US$ million)

Membership (international political organizations)

In total, Sudan is a member of 11 international political organizations. This makes it the 123rd most connected state in the world. It is a member of the following organizations:

Member state of the United Nations
International Labour Organization
Asian–African Legal Consultative Organization
African Union
Intergovernmental Authority on Development
International Centre for the Study of the Preservation and Restoration of Cultural Property
Arab League
Organization of Islamic Cooperation

Political Membership

Democracy/dictatorship rating

It is the 159th most democratic state in the world. This is mainly due to the transitional government remaining in power which postpones elections and crashes pro-democracy movements. Aside from this, there is a lack of civil liberties as well as a presence of human rights violations.

Democracy/Dictatorship

The politics of Sudan take place in the form of a provisional government where the president is head of state, head of government as well as head of the Sudanese Armed Forces.

Interpol
South Centre (organization)
World Organization for Animal Health

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Known for having the highest number pyramids, as well as its high Muslim population, Sudan had a violent 20th century. Before its contacts with the Europeans, the area was under the control of the ancient Egyptian civilization followed by the Nubian civilization. After being converted it to Christianity in the fourth century, most of its population converted to Islam in the eighth century after the Arab conquest. During this period, Sudan has been a part of several Islamic caliphates as well as local kingdoms. At the end of the 19th century, it was conquered by Egypt. However, after a revolt, the area became a territory of the United Kingdom after the United Kingdom occupied Egypt. After the second world war, and after decolonization, Sudan, together with South Sudan became an independent state in 1956. However, due to rising tensions between the Islamic northern part and the Christian southern part, a civil war ensued which led to the cessation of the southern part which became South Sudan. Since then, a military coup has taken place, and an internal conflict has been on the rise.

Located in Northeast Africa, the geography of Sudan consists of a high mountain range to its west and a medium mountain range to its northeast. Most of its terrain consists of the Sahara Desert. It's southern part, its coastal region and a small patch of land that runs along the Nile are the only lightly vegetated places in Sudan. In total, Sudan borders six other states with Egypt to the north, the red Sea to the northeast, Eritrea to the east, Ethiopia to the southeast, South Sudan to the south, the Central African Republic to the southwest, Chad to the west and Libya to the northwest.

It is the 15th largest state with a total surface area of 1.870.791 square kilometers or 722.317 square miles. This makes Sudan slightly smaller than Libya and slightly larger than Indonesia.

It has a total water surface area of 130.462 square kilometers or 50.372 square miles. This makes Sudan the 106th largest state in the world.

Below, a graph is shown which displays the absolute amount of water of each state in square kilometers and square miles.

The main source of drinking water is groundwater which is mainly derived from the Nile River. Other sources of water are mostly collected rainwater or local wells.

The climate of Sudan is a tropical climate which experiences little to no rainfall in its desert area. The average temperature is 27.4 degrees Celsius or 81 degrees Fahrenheit. This makes Sudan the 13th warmest state in the world.

During summer, from June to August, the average high temperature is 34.5 degrees Celsius or 94 degrees Fahrenheit.

During winter, from December to February, the average low temperature is 20.5 degrees Celsius or 68.9 degrees Fahrenheit.

Rainfall barely occurs in the Sahara Desert which covers most of Sudan. To the south, there is little rainfall as well as along its coastal area. The most rainfall occurs in its mountainous area to the southwest. On average, Sudan receives 32.8 centimetres or 12.9 inches of rainfall per year which ranks it as the 174th highest in the world.

The capital of Sudan, Khartoum, is home to 3.6 million people. The closest capital is Asmara, Eritrea, with a distance of 675 kilometers or 419 miles. The capital that is the furthest removed is Apia, Samoa, with a distance of 17.393 kilometers or 10.808 miles.

The economy of Sudan is an underdeveloped economy which is heavily dependent on the extraction of oil. The Sudanese economy has come under more pressure since the secession of South Sudan which inherited most of its oil fields. As a result of the war, its infrastructure has been underdeveloped and its population is highly dependent on subsistence farming. Aside from this, its external debt had risen considerably which put further pressure on the Sudanese economy. Currently, its most exported goods are gold and oil which are mainly exported to China, Egypt, the United Arab Emirates and Saudi Arabia which combined represent 80 percent of all exports. Most of its imports comes from China and Russia which combined represent more than 30 percent of all imports.

Sudan is a member of 13 international economic organizations. This makes it the 83rd most connected state in the world. It is a member of the following organizations:

Alliance for Financial Inclusion
African development Bank
Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank
International Development Law Organization
International Monetary Fund
Islamic Development Bank
World Bank Group
World Customs Organization
World Trade Organization
Organization of African, Caribbean and Pacific States
International Renewable Energy Agency
International Solar Alliance
Group of 77

It has a GDP of US$28.121 million, which makes it the 104th highest in the world and represents 0.03 percent of total global GDP.

Its GDP per surface area is the 187th highest in the world with US$15.031 per square kilometer or US$38.931 per square mile.

Its GDP per capita is the 182nd highest in the world with US$662.

The absolute earnings (GDP per capita) reflect the average yearly income. The figure below shows how much, on average, an inhabitant of another state earns for every $1 earned by a citizen of this state.

Its purchasing power parity per capita is the 154th highest in the world with US$4.157.

The relative Gross Domestic Product in Purchasing Power Parity compares the purchasing power of this state with that of the rest of the world. The graph on the left shows how much purchasing power of 1$ compared to the purchasing power of other states

Sudan is the 35th most populous state in the world with a total population of 42.5 million people. The majority of the population are Arab descendants, and the remainder is made up of African tribes which mainly live in the southern part of Sudan.

It has the 161st highest population density in the world with 23 people per square kilometer or 59 people per square mile.

Five percent of its population, or just over 2 million people, have migrated to other states. This makes Sudan the 31st state with the highest number of emigrants and represents 0.82 percent of total global emigration. These are mainly refugees that have fled the Sudanese Civil War. The main destinations have been South Sudan for the Christian population and Saudi Arabia for the Muslim population. These states represent 50 percent of all migrants from Sudan.

Immigration to Sudan is represented by 2.8 percent of the population or just over 1.1 million people. This makes it the 35th state with the highest number of immigrants and represents 0.45 percent of total global immigration. The largest supplier of immigrants has been South Sudan were Muslims fled to Sudan. Another large supplier of migrants has been Libya where Sudanese refugees fled the Libyan civil war and returned to Sudan.

Sudan has the 178th highest literacy in the world which stands at 57.5 percent. Despite making education free and compulsory between the ages of six and 13, there have been limitations regarding its education system. As a result of the Civil War, many education buildings have been destroyed or were repurposed for housing. Also, enforcement has been lacking and a gender difference has been noted.

The health care system of Sudan is underdeveloped with a lack of medical staff, and underfunding of its healthcare system which lacks medical equipment. The average life expectancy is 66.1 years which is the 134th highest in the world. Women have an average life expectancy of 68 years, while men have an average life expectancy of 64.2 years.

Despite abolishing Islam as the official state religion in 2020, the Sudanese government tends to favour Islam above other religions in regard to financing as well as its judicial system.

Christianity is represented by 4.5 percent of the population which makes it the 163rd most Christian state in the world. This share is likely to go down as the persecution of Christians continues in Sudan even after the end of the Civil War.

On the right, the global share of Christians per state is displayed

Islam is represented by 92.8 percent of the population which makes it the 28th most Islamic state in the world. The largest denomination is the Maliki school of thought which is a subbranch of Sunni Islam.

There are no official Buddhist organizations in Sudan.

There are no official Hindu organizations in Sudan.

There are no official Jewish organizations in Sudan. There has been a Jewish presence during the 20th century, but after the establishment of Israel, all Jews migrated there.

Other religions are represented by 1.9 percent of the population and are related to traditional African religions which adhere to Spirit worshiping.

Irreligion is represented by 0.67 percent of the population. This number is likely to grow in the near future since Sudan repealed the death penalty for apostasy.