Mongolia

Geography

Economics

Demographics

Military

Politics

Surface

Surface (in square kilometers)

Surface (in square miles)

Surface (water)

Water Surface (in square kilometers)

Water Surface (in square miles)

Share of water (%)

Temperature

Average temperature (in Celcius)

Average temperature (in Farenheit)

Average high temperature (in Celcius)

Average high temperature (in Farenheit)

Average low temperature (in Celcius)

Average low temperature (in Farenheit)

Rainfall

Average rainfall (mm)

Average rainfall (inch)

Distance to other capitals (kilometers)

Distance to other capitals (miles)

Proximity

Economic organizations

Gross Domestic Product (US$)

Gross Domestic Product per capita

Amount of memberships (economic organizations)

Absolute earnings for every 1$

Relative earnings

GDP in PPP per capita (in US$)

GDP in PPP per capita

Gross Domestic product (in million US$)

GDP per capita (in US$)

Surface GDP

GDP per square kilometer (in US$)

GDP per square mile(in US$)

Relative GDP in PPP

Population

Population density

Emigration

Immigration

Literacy

Health

Population density (in km2)

Population density (in mi2)

Religion

Christianity (share of the total population)

Islam (share of the total population)

Buddhism (share of the total population)

Hinduism (share of the total population)

Judaism (share of the total population)

Other religions (share of the total population)

Non-religious (share of the total population)

Military spending (in % of GDP)

Military spending

In total, Mongolia spends US$100 million, or 0.75 percent of its GDP on its military. This makes Mongolia the 135th highest military spender in the world representing 0.005 percent of total global military expenditure.

The military of Mongolia, called to the Mongolian Armed Forces, consist of ground forces and an Air Force. Because Mongolia is wedged between two a larger military powers, Russia and China, it is highly dependent on security assurances from these states.

Military membership

Mongolia is a member of six international military organizations which makes it the 53rd most militarily connected state in the world. It is a member of the following organizations:

Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE)
Conference on Disarmament
Organization for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons
Partial Nuclear Test Ban Treaty
International Atomic Energy Agency
Non-Aligned Movement

Military membership

International wars

Since its independence, Mongolia has partaken in four international wars. These are:

Sino–Mongolian War 1913–1915
Soviet–Japanese border conflicts 1931-1939
Actions in Inner Mongolia 1933-1936
World War II 1939-1945

Number of international wars fought

Military spending (in US$ million)

Membership (international political organizations)

Mongolia is a member of 12 international political organizations which makes it the 89th most politically connected state in the world. It is a member of the following organizations:

Member state of the United Nations
International Labour Organization
Asia Cooperation Dialogue
Colombo Plan
Asian–African Legal Consultative Organization
International Centre for the Study of the Preservation and Restoration of Cultural Property
International Criminal Court
Interpol
Global Green Growth Institute

Association of World Election Bodies
International Institute for Democracy and Electoral Assistance
World Organization for Animal Health

Political Membership

Democracy/dictatorship rating

Despite having a democracy, the politics of Mongolia is riddled with corruption and nepotism. This is mainly held up by the state of Mongolia which does not have an incentive to change this in the near future. Therefore, Mongolia is the 59th most democratic state in the world.

Democracy/Dictatorship

After the establishment of the Communist regime in 1924, Mongolia slowly started to transform its political doctrine until it became a semi-presidential democracy with a Prime Minister which is head of state as well as head of government.

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Known for having the second largest Empire in all of history which was mainly conquered by Genghis Khan, Mongolia is currently known for its exotic cuisine, the least densely populated state in the world as well as being the second coldest state in the world. The area of Mongolia was first inhabited by nomadic tribes which occasionally raided Chinese settlements in Northeastern China between 1000 and 200 BC. After a unification of the nomadic tribes by Genghis Kahn during the 12th century, the Empire expanded, covering most of Asia and reaching the Baltic Sea in Europe. After the disintegration of the Mongol Empire, the Russians and Chinese pushed the Mongols back to Mongolia with China claiming most of the territory until the start of the 20th century when Mongolia claimed its independence from China. Since then, Mongolia has become a part of the Soviet Union until 1992 and has remained relatively stable.

Its geography is made up of high mountain ranges that are mainly located in the north and the West of Mongolia and a plateau located in the southeast. Its landscape is mainly filled with densely forested areas to the north and the Gobi Desert along its center and its south.

As the 18th largest state in the world, with nearly 1.6 million square kilometers, or 606,000 square miles, Mongolia is slightly smaller than Iran and slightly larger than Peru.

It has a total water surface area of 10,613 square kilometers or 4100 square miles which makes it the 46th state with the highest amount of surface water.

Below, a graph is shown which displays the absolute amount of water of each state in square kilometers and square miles.

Water is considered abundant in the north while being scarce in the south. In total, Mongolia is covered by 0.68 percent of water.

The climate of Mongolia is considered to be a continental climate which has large extremes between summer and winter where summers are mild and short while its winters are extremely cold and long. The average temperature is 0.1 degrees Celsius or 32.2 degrees Fahrenheit which makes it the 194th warmest state in the world.

During the summer, the average temperature is 5.9 degrees Celsius or 42.6 degrees Fahrenheit. The summer period is mainly experienced between July and August.

Its winter period which spans between November and March, has an average temperature of -6.9 degrees Celsius or 19.6 degrees Fahrenheit.

Because Mongolia is located far away from oceans, it receives little rainfall. Rainfall that it receives is unevenly spread out throughout Mongolia with its northern parts receiving three times as much rainfall compared to its southern part. With an annual rainfall of 23.8 centimetres or 9.4 inches, Mongolia is the 183th state with the highest amount of rainfall.

The capital of Mongolia, Ulan Bataar, is home to approximately 1.1 million people. The capital that is closest located to Ulaan Bataar is Beijing China with a distance of 1160 kilometers or 721 miles. The capital that is furthest removed from Ulaan Bataar is Santiago Chile with a distance of 18,397 kilometers or 11,431 miles.

The economy of Mongolia is mainly focused on the export of raw materials. The export of raw materials used to be at an all-time high before the dissolution of the Soviet Union. Since the dissolution, Mongolia has experienced a large economic contraction which has slowly started to grow at start of the 21st century and started to outpace global growth since 2010. This is largely due to the growth of the Chinese economy which has increased the demand of rare earth minerals. Most of its exports are currently copper and wool which are mostly exported to China which is responsible for nearly 90 percent of Mongolia's exports. Most of its imports come from China and Russia which combined represent 60 percent of all imports.

Mongolia is a member of 12 international economic organizations which makes it the 101st most economically interconnected state in the world. It is a member of the following organizations:

Alliance for Financial Inclusion
Asian Development Bank
Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank
Federation of Euro-Asian Stock Exchanges
International Development Law Organization
International Monetary Fund
World Bank Group
World Customs Organization
World Trade Organization
Energy Charter Treaty
International Renewable Energy Agency
Group of 77

Its GDP is US$13.2 billion which makes it the 132nd highest in the world and represents 0.016 percent of total global GDP.

Its GDP per surface area is US$8376 per square kilometer or US$21,694 per square mile. This makes Mongolia in the 191st state with the highest GDP per surface area.

Its GDP per capita is US$4063 which is the 114th highest in the world.

The absolute earnings (GDP per capita) reflect the average yearly income. The figure below shows how much, on average, an inhabitant of another state earns for every $1 earned by a citizen of this state.

Its purchasing power is US$12,574 which is the 104th highest in the world.

The relative Gross Domestic Product in Purchasing Power Parity compares the purchasing power of this state with that of the rest of the world. The graph on the left shows how much purchasing power of 1$ compared to the purchasing power of other states

With a total population of 3.2 million people, Mongolia is the 135th most populous state in the world. Mongolia is an ethnically homogenous state with more than 90 percent of its population being ethnically Mongol. Mongolian is also its official language with some minorities speaking Russian and Kazakh.

Its population density is two people per square kilometer or five people per square mile which makes it the least densely populated state in the world.

More than 70,000 people, or 2.2 percent of the population, have migrated to other states. his makes Mongolia the 160th state with the highest amount of emigration and represents 0.029 percent of total global emigration. Mongolians that migrated our highly educated and mainly choose developed states such as Russia and Australia as their destination.

Immigration to Mongolia is mainly supplied by China and Russia and is just under 20,000 people, or 0.56 percent of the total population. This makes Mongolia the 135th state with the highest amount of immigrants. Immigration to Mongolia is not stimulated and mainly concerns high skilled laborers that are needed for the economy of Mongolia.

Emigration from Mongolia is estimated to involve just over 122,000 people, or around 3.6 percent of the total population. The main destinations are South Korea, the United States, and Kazakhstan. Many Mongolians emigrate in search of better economic opportunities, higher education, or due to familial ties abroad. Labour migration, particularly to South Korea, is common in the construction and manufacturing sectors. Emigration from Mongolia ranks around the global average in relative terms.

Mongolia provides free healthcare to all its citizens. Despite having a low GDP, Mongolia has a well-developed healthcare system. However, certain remote regions are unable to provide the full scale of healthcare needs. The largest challenges that the Mongolian health care system faces are related to pollution. Aside from a lack of sanitation, which leads to water contamination, air pollution is extremely high in its capital. The average life expectancy, with 70.6 years, is the 144th highest in the world. Women reach an average age of 74.8 years while men reach an average age of 66.4 years.

The Constitution of Mongolia provides freedom of religion towards all religions. However, there have been some instances of religious discrimination towards minorities.

With a total representation of 1.9 percent, Christianity is a minority religion. This makes Mongolia the 178th most Christian state in the world. Because of its Soviet past, the official amount of Christians has increased from a few hundred before the collapse of the Soviet Union to more than 30,000 at the start of the 21st century.

Islam is represented by 3.8 percent of the population which makes it the 104th most Islamic state in the world. Islam is mostly practiced by minorities that mainly originate from western China.

Buddhism is the largest religion in Mongolia and is represented by 55.1 percent. Buddhism is thought to have spread from Tibet to Mongolia during the 14th century and have seen a large increase at the start of the 16th century.

Hinduism is represented by less than 0.03 percent of the population. It has an official Krishna establishment which has been present in Mongolia since its independence in 1990.

Judaism is represented by less than 0.03 percent of the population, or less than 1000 people.

Other religions are represented by 2.38 percent of the population. The majority of the other religions is the Baha'i faith which started to spread throughout Mongolia right before the collapse of the Soviet Union.

Irreligion is represented by 24 percent of the population. This is mainly a remnant of the anti-religious policies the Soviet Union had installed.