Canada

Geography

Economics

Demographics

Military

Politics

Surface

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Military spending

. It consists of a Navy an Air Force and ground forces and with a budget of over US$22 billion it is the 15th highest funded Army in the world.

The Canadian military, officially called the Canadian Armed Forces is headed by the British monarch

Military membership

It is also a member of 14 international military organizations which makes it the 15th most militarily interconnected state in the world. It is a member of the following organizations:

Member state of NATO
Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE)
System of Cooperation Among the American Air Forces
Conference on Disarmament
Organization for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons
Partial Nuclear Test Ban Treaty
Wassenaar Arrangement

Nuclear Suppliers Group
Australia Group
Missile Technology Control Regime
International Atomic Energy Agency
Korean Peninsula Energy Development Organization
NATO
Non-Proliferation and Disarmament Initiative

Military membership

International wars

Canada has partaken in 11 international wars since its existence. It has fought the following wars:

Northwest Indian War 1785-1795
War of 1811 1811-1815
Second Boer War 1899-1901
Russian Civil War 1917-1911
World War II 1939-1945

Korean conflict 1945-present
Korean War 1950-1953
Gulf War 1990-1991
Civil war in Afghanistan 1996-2001
Libyan Civil War 2011-2011

Syrian Civil War 2011-present

Number of international wars fought

Military spending (in US$ million)

Membership (international political organizations)

It is also a member of 16 international political organizations making it the 23rd most politically interconnected state in the world. It is a member of the following organizations:

Member state of the United Nations
International Labour Organization
Asia Cooperation Dialogue
ASEAN Association of Southeast Asian Nations
Mekong–Ganga Cooperation
Mekong River Commission
Partnerships in Environmental Management for the Seas of East Asia
International Centre for the Study of the Preservation and Restoration of Cultural Property
Member states of the Organization internationale de la Francophonie

Political Membership

Democracy/dictatorship rating

Even though it is a monarchy, it is considered to be a representative democracy where its citizens have the right to vote on several political levels with a smooth transition of power. Due to this, Canada is ranked as the 15th most democratic state in the world.

Democracy/Dictatorship

The politics of Canada takes place in the form of a constitutional monarchy where the British monarch is the head of state.

International Criminal Court
Interpol
Global Green Growth Institute
South Centre (organization)
World Organization for Animal Health

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If you want to know more about other states, click on the flag on the right to discover the Central African Republic.

Share of water (%)

Temperature

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Proximity

Economics

Economic organizations

Gross Domestic Product (US$)

Surface GDP

Gross Domestic Product per capita

Relative earnings

GDP in PPP per capita (in US$)

Population

Demographics

Population density

Emigration

Immigration

Literacy

Health

Religion

Christianity (share of the total population)

Islam (share of the total population)

Buddhism (share of the total population)

Hinduism (share of the total population)

Judaism (share of the total population)

Other religions (share of the total population)

Non-religious (share of the total population)

Military

International wars

Number of international wars fought

Military membership

Military spending

Military spending (in US$ million)

Military spending (in % of GDP)

Politics

Political Membership

Membership (international political organizations)

Democracy/Dictatorship

Democracy/dictatorship rating

Being the second largest state in the world, Canada is home to some of the world's most stunning landscapes. The origin of its name can be traced back to two possible origins. Some argue that Canada stems from the Iroquoian words for the village while others argue that it is derived from the Spanish translation of nothing there. Aside from the native inhabitants, one of the first Europeans that arrived in Canada was around the first century when a Norwegian explorer arrived at Nova Scotia. However, the establishment of settlements as well as the start of colonization only started 500 years after the first encounter when it became a colony of the French Empire. At the same time, the British Empire was also expanding in the same region and at the start of the 18th century both empires went to war for seven years. After losing the war, the French ceded the territories to the British and many British immigrants entered the Canadian territory. By 1849, Canada was recognized as a sovereign state. However, this only represented a small portion of present-day Canada. From 1849 until 1890, Canada purchased the land from land owners and other territories also joined Canada. At the end of the 19th century, Canada attained its all of its current territory.

The geography of Canada varies greatly due to its vastness. Its territories can be divided up into several regions. The northern part, also known as the Arctic region, is characterized by its mountainous terrain that is covered by snow for most of the year. Its interior part is characterized by being hilly with several hundred thousand of lakes located there. Despite its size, it is only connected to the United States to its south. This is also the largest border in the world.

It has a total surface area of just over 10 million square kilometers, or around 3.9 million square miles, which makes Canada slightly smaller than Russia and slightly larger than China.

Canadas total water surface area of just under 900,000 square kilometer or just under 350,000 square miles which covers around 8.9 percent of its total surface. This makes Canada the largest holder of fresh water within its border.

Below, a graph is shown which displays the absolute amount of water of each state in square kilometers and square miles.

Its freshwater replenishment is coming from several sources. Most of its freshwater is derived from rivers, lakes ice snow as well as groundwater.

The Canadian climate has a wide variety. In its northern part, Arctic temperatures are present for more than 80 percent of the time. This area is creating harsh conditions for the population. Therefore, most of its population lives in the southern part of Canada where temperatures are relatively warmer and less prone to freezing temperatures. Most of its population lives in proximity to its coastal areas where the warmer sea winds are creating favourable temperatures. Almost all of Canada is prone to have harsh winters and mild summers with the exception of the central plane where summers can be extremely warm and humid. The average temperature of Canada is around 1.8 degrees Celsius or 35.2 degrees Fahrenheit which makes it the 193rd warmest state in the world, or the third coldest state in the world.

The average highest temperature is around 8.5 degrees Celsius or 47.3 degrees Fahrenheit

while the average low temperature is around -1.7 degrees Celsius or 28.9 degrees Fahrenheit.

The average precipitation is around 87.6 centimetres or 34.5 inches per year. The highest amount of precipitation occurs around the coastline where the warm ocean temperature collides with the cooler arctic temperature of Canada.

The capital Ottawa is home to just over 1 million people. The capital that is furthest removed, with a distance of 15,670 kilometers or 9740 miles is Jakarta Indonesia. The capital that is closest located to Ottawa is Washington DC, the United States, with a distance of 720 kilometers or 447 miles.

The economy of Canada is characterized as a developed market economy that resembles the economy of the United States. The United States is also its largest trading partner representing more than 50 percent of its total imports and more than 75 percent of its total exports. This has mainly made possible by the free trade agreements between the United States, Canada and Mexico. In the period between 1990 and 2008, Canada has shown a steady economic growth. However, after the financial crisis of 2008, its economy has protracted and has shown a slow growth in recent years. The main economic sectors of Canada are the car industry, hydrocarbons as well as natural resources such as timber and agricultural products.

In total, Canada is a member of 21 international economic organizations. These are:

African development Bank
Asian Development Bank
Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank
Bank for International Settlements
Caribbean Development Bank
Financial Action Task Force
Inter-American Development Bank
International Energy Agency
International Monetary Fund
Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development
World Bank Group
World Customs Organization
World Trade Organization
Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation

International Bamboo and Rattan Organization
Group of Ten
International Energy Agency
Nuclear Energy Agency
International Renewable Energy Agency
G20
Advisory Centre on World Trade Organization Law

It has a GDP of around US$1.7 trillion which makes it the eighth largest GDP in the world representing just over two percent of total global GDP.

Its GDP per surface area, however, is relatively average with a GDP of US$167,500 per square kilometer or US$433,900 per square mile.

Its GDP per capita is then again relatively high with a GDP per capita of around US$59,000 and a purchasing power of US$44,000. However, in recent years high inflation has put strains on the purchasing power of the average Canadian.

The absolute earnings (GDP per capita) reflect the average yearly income. The figure below shows how much, on average, an inhabitant of another state earns for every $1 earned by a citizen of this state.

The purchasing power of the Canadian citizen is estimated to be around US$45,573, which makes it the 29th highest in the world. This relatively high value reflects Canada’s strong economy and stable income levels across much of the population.

The relative Gross Domestic Product in Purchasing Power Parity compares the purchasing power of this state with that of the rest of the world. The graph on the left shows how much purchasing power of 1$ compared to the purchasing power of other states

Canada has a total population of just over 38 million people, making it the 39th most populous state in the world. The population is largely concentrated along the southern border with the United States, especially in urban areas such as Toronto, Vancouver and Montreal. The northern regions of the country remain sparsely populated due to harsh climatic conditions.

The population density is one of the lowest in the world. With a population density of three people per square kilometer or seven people per square mile, Canada has the second lowest population density in the world.

Emigration from Canada has been largely destined to the United States. Smaller number of emigrants are people from European descent that have returned to the European continent. In total, around 800,000 people, or around 3.4 percent of its population, have emigrated to other states. This represents around 0.3 percent of total global migration.

Immigration to Canada has been fairly high with an annual immigration of around 250,000 people. Most of these immigrants come from the Middle East as well as southeast Asia. It is estimated that around 7.6 million people, or around 20.3 percent of the total population, are not native Canadians. This makes Canada the eighth largest state in terms of immigrants and represents around three percent of total global immigration.

The Canadian educational system is fully funded by the Canadian government and consists of a primary, secondary and a post-secondary form of education. Its educational system is of relatively high standards and with a literacy rate of 98.6 percent, it is ranked as the 46th most literate state in the world.

Healthcare is centrally funded by the government and supplemented by additional insurances. Its execution is done by the Canadian provinces. The average life expectancy is around 83 years with women reaching around 84.7 years a man reaching around 81.2 years. This makes Canada the 25th highest in the world.

Canada has no official state religion, and fully supports freedom of religion for every religion. It is ranked as the 113th most multi religious state in the world.

The largest religion within Canada is Christianity which is represented by approximately 74 percent of the population. This is mainly due to its French and English history which has brought Protestantism and Catholicism as the largest Christian denominations within Canada. A smaller, but still significant denomination within Christianity is Orthodox Christianity which arrived at start of the 20th century when immigrants from the Soviet Union as well as Greece started to arrive in Canada.

Islam is the second largest religion in Canada and has been present since the start of the 20th century. The share of Muslims in Canada has risen sharply in the third quarter of the 20th century when the Canadian immigration policy applies European emigration on equal footing with Arab immigration. At present, around 12.8 percent of Canadians adhere to Islam with the Sunni denomination being the largest.

Around 0.8 percent identifies as Buddhist in Canada which is around 300,000 people. Most of these Buddhist are descendants of Chinese immigrants that arrived at the end of the 19th century.

Hinduism is represented by approximately 1.4 percent of the population and arrived in Canada just over 200 years ago with the resettlement by the British Empire. The number of Indians was relatively small. Another large immigration took place when a civil war in Sri Lanka forced more than 300,000 people from their home and many of them found refuge in Canada.

Jews started to arrive to Canada starting from the second half of the 18th century. During this period, the total amount of Jews numbered in the hundreds. After the turn of the 20th century large amounts of Jewish migrants started to arrive to Canada with high immigration numbers during the Russian Revolution and in the period before and after the second world war. Today, it is estimated that around 0.03 percent of the Canadian population is Jewish .

It is estimated that around 0.7 percent of the Canadian population adheres to other religions. One of the largest of these are neopaganism and druidism which largely became popular at the end of the 20th century.

Irreligion is represented by a large share of the population. The numbers vary, but on average it is estimated that around 15 percent of the population does not adhere to any faith.